Hallo Laborratte,
Willkommen im Forum! Schön, dass es dir gefällt.
Was deine Frage angeht: Durch Einleiten von Chlor in Toluol lässt sich zunächst Benzylchlorid darstellen,
eine entsprechende Syntheseanleitung befindet sich schon in unserer Sammlung.
Aus dem Benzylchlorid kannst du dann
hiermit Phenylacetonitril synthetisieren. Zu diesem Schritt habe ich auf die Schnelle noch folgende weiteren Informationen in englischer Sprache gefunden:
The quality of the benzyl chloride markedly affects the yield of pure benzyl cyanide. If a poor technical grade is used, the yields will not be more than 60-75 per cent of the theoretical, whereas consistent results of about 85 per cent or more were always obtained when a product was used that boiled over 10'0. The technical benzyl chloride at hand yielded on distillation about 8 per cent of high-boiling material; a technical grade from another source was of unusual purity and boiled over a 2'0 range for the most part.
It is advisable to distil off the last portion of alcohol and water in vacuo and also to distil the benzyl cyanide in vacuo, since under ordinary pressures a white solid invariably separates during the distillation.
One method of purifying the benzyl cyanide is to steam distil it after the alcohol has been first distilled from the reaction mixture. At ordinary pressures, this steam distillation is very slow and, with an ordinary condenser, requires eighteen to twenty hours in order to remove all of the volatile product from a run of 500 g. of benzyl chloride. The distillate separates into two layers; the benzyl cyanide layer is removed and distilled. The product obtained in this way is very pure and contains no tarry material, and, after the excess of benzyl chloride has been removed, boils practically constant. This steam distillation is hardly advisable in the laboratory.
The benzyl cyanide, prepared according to the procedure as outlined, is collected over a 5'0 range. It varies in appearance from a colorless to a straw-colored liquid and often develops appreciable color upon standing. For a product of special purity, it should be redistilled under diminished pressure and collected over a 1-2'0 range. For most purposes, such as the preparation of phenylacetic acid or ester, the fraction boiling 135-140'0/38 mm. is perfectly satisfactory.
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